RESUMEN
A varicocele is a dilation of veins within the pampiniform plexus and affects 15% of males worldwide. It often occurs during puberty and gets worse with age. There are 3 grades of varicoceles. Grade 1 and 2 varicoceles are tiny and challenging to find without the help of a medical expert. Varicoceles of grade 3 are easily palpable and frequently visible. When standing upright, they may feel like a sack of worms around the testicles or may give the impression that one testicle is larger than the other. The testicles and scrotum may experience a mild ache from larger varicoceles. Physical examination is used to make the diagnosis; grade 1 and 2 conditions are typically detected with color doppler ultrasonography.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Anal fissure (AF) is a common disease. It causes considerable discomfort, loss of working days, and reduction in quality of life. Symptoms of AF include anal pain during defecation and bleeding per anus. Acute AF is treated conservatively, but chronic AF (CAF) does not usually respond to conservative treatment. Anal stretch (Lord’s procedure), reintroduced into AF therapy in 1964 with significant success rates, is, however, associated with recurrence rates varying from 2% to 80%, a high risk of incontinence (up to 51%), and is widely criticized despite a reported cure rate of approximately 90%. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted after due approval of “Scientific and Ethical Committee” in the Department of General Surgery of Mata Chanan Devi Hospital, New Delhi, during the period from October 2013 to May 2015 on patients attending the outpatient department or emergency department of this hospital. Results: In the present study, all 50 patients were selected and randomized into two treatment groups. Results were compared among two groups: Group B: Patients receiving Botulinum toxin-A (BOTOX) injection (n1 = 25) and Study Groups Group1=Group-B ,Group-2=Group-D. Randomisation Will Be As Follows. Group-B (Botox) Vs Group-D(Lords Procedure): Patients who underwent Lord’s procedure (n2 = 25). All results are well tabulated and described in figure format for well understanding in main article. Conclusion: BOTOX is as good as an option, compared to ancient yet routinely practiced LORD’S anal dilatation technique for CAF. BOTOX significantly reduces pain in patients with CAF as compared to Lord’s procedure. BOTOX has definite action in reducing the spasm of internal anal sphincter which is the chief cause of development of CAF. Spasm significantly improves with BOTOX compared to Lord’s procedure.
RESUMEN
Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic gall-stones The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the surgical outcome of LC performed with the patient under spinal anaesthesia with that of LC performed with the patient under general anaesthesia in the management of symptomatic uncomplicated gallstone disease. Methods: An Observational Descriptive Study was done on total 100 cases. Outcome Measures noted were a) Conversion rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia to general anaesthesia, b) Hypotension and c) Bradycardia. Results: Spinal anaesthesia is a feasible, safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Intraoperative hypotension, and bradycardia need to be addressed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia. Provided with good patient selection laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia can substitute that under general anaesthesia. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anaesthesia is a better option for selected group of patients while anticipating fast track surgery or day care surgery